
<!– Google Tag Manager (noscript) –>

<!– End Google Tag Manager (noscript) –>
<div class=»skip-links»>
 <span>Accessibility links</span> <ul>
 <li><a href=»#mainContent» class=»skiplink»>Skip to main content</a></li>
 <li><a href=»https://help.npr.org/contact/s/article?name=what-are-the-keyboard-shortcuts-for-using-the-npr-org-audio-player» class=»skiplink»>Keyboard shortcuts for audio player</a></li>
 </ul>
</div>
<div id=»global-header-sticky-cta-wrap» class=»global-header-sticky-cta-wrap»>
 <div id=»global-header-sticky-cta-mount» class=»global-header-sticky-cta-mount»>
 </div>
</div>
<div id=»global-header-cta-wrap» class=»global-header-cta-wrap»>
 <div id=»global-header-cta-mount» class=»global-header-cta-mount»>
 </div>
</div>
<header class=»npr-header» id=»globalheader» aria-label=»NPR header»>
<nav class=»navigation»>
 <div class=»navigation__top-level-wrap» data-metrics-category-ga4=»recirculation»>
 <ul class=»navigation__top-level»>
 <li class=»navigation__toggle-wrap»>
 <button id=»navigation__toggle–open» class=»navigation__toggle navigation__toggle–open» aria-haspopup=»true» aria-expanded=»false» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";open navigation menu";,";clickType";:";global navigation";}»>
 Open Navigation Menu
 </button>
 </li>

 <li class=»navigation__home»>
 <a href=»/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr logo";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";\/";}»>
<!– <img src=»https://prod-eks-static-assets.npr.org/chrome_svg/npr-logo-2025.svg» alt=»NPR logo»/>–>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/chrome/npr-logo-2026-animated.gif» alt=»NPR logo»/>
 </a>
 </li>

 <li id=»navigation__station-mount»/>

 <li class=»navigation__newsletters»>
 <div class=»navigation__newsletters-inner»>
 <a href=»/newsletters/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";newsletters";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/newsletters/";}» target=»_blank»>Newsletters</a>
 </div>
 </li>

 <li id=»user-account-dropdown-mount» class=»navigation__account»/>

 <li class=»navigation__shop»>
 <a href=»https://shopnpr.org» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr shop";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https://shopnpr.org";}»>NPR Shop</a>
 </li>

 <li id=»navigation__station-donate-mount»/>
 </ul>
 </div>
 <section id=»main-menu» class=»menu menu–main» data-metrics-category-ga4=»recirculation»>
 <div class=»menu__inner»>
 <header class=»menu__header»>
 <button id=»navigation__toggle–close» class=»navigation__toggle navigation__toggle–close» aria-haspopup=»true» aria-expanded=»true» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";close navigation menu";,";clickType";:";global navigation";}»>
 Close <span>Navigation Menu</span>
 </button>
 </header>
 <ul class=»menu__list»>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–home»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»><a href=»/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr logo";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";\/";}»>Home</a></div>
 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–news menu__item–has-submenu»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»/sections/news/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";news";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/news/";}»>News</a>
 <button class=»menu__toggle-submenu» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";toggle news drawer";,";clickType";:";global navigation";}»>Expand/collapse submenu for News</button>
 </div>

 <ul class=»submenu submenu–news»>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/national/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";national";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/national/";}»>National</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/world/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";world";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/world/";}»>World</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/politics/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";politics";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/politics/";}»>Politics</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/business/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";business";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/business/";}»>Business</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/health/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";health";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/health/";}»>Health</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/science/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";science";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/science/";}»>Science</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/climate/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";climate";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/climate/";}»>Climate</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/codeswitch/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";race";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/codeswitch/";}»>Race</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–culture menu__item–has-submenu»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»/sections/culture/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";culture";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/culture/";}»>Culture</a>
 <button class=»menu__toggle-submenu» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";toggle culture drawer";,";clickType";:";global navigation";}»>Expand/collapse submenu for Culture</button>
 </div>

 <ul class=»submenu submenu–culture»>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/books/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";books";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/books/";}»>Books</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/movies/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";movies";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/movies/";}»>Movies</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/television/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";television";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/television/";}»>Television</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/pop-culture/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";pop culture";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/pop-culture/";}»>Pop Culture</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/food/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";food";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/food/";}»>Food</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/art-design/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";art &; design";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/art-design/";}»>Art &; Design</a> </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/performing-arts/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";performing arts";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/performing-arts/";}»>Performing Arts</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/lifekit/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";life kit";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/lifekit/";}»>Life Kit</a></li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/sections/gaming/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";gaming";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/sections/gaming/";}»>Gaming</a></li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–music menu__item–has-submenu»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»/music/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";music";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/music/";}»>Music</a>
 <button class=»menu__toggle-submenu» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";toggle music drawer";,";clickType";:";global navigation";}»>Expand/collapse submenu for Music</button>
 </div>

 <ul class=»submenu submenu–music»><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/series/tiny-desk-concerts/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";tiny desk";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/series\/tiny-desk-concerts\/";}»>
 Tiny Desk
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/606254804/new-music-friday» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";new music friday";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/allsongs\/606254804\/new-music-friday";}»>
 New Music Friday
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";all songs considered";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/allsongs\/";}»>
 All Songs Considered
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/music-features» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";music features";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/music-features";}»>
 Music Features
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/series/770565791/npr-music-live-sessions» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";live sessions";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/series\/770565791\/npr-music-live-sessions";}»>
 Live Sessions
 </a>
</li></ul>

 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–shows-podcasts menu__item–has-submenu»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»/podcasts-and-shows/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";podcasts &; shows";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/podcasts-and-shows/";}»>Podcasts &; Shows</a>
 <button class=»menu__toggle-submenu» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";toggle podcasts &; shows drawer";,";clickType";:";global navigation";}»>Expand/collapse submenu for Podcasts &; Shows</button>
 </div>

 <div class=»submenu submenu–shows-podcasts»>
 <span class=»submenu__category submenu__category–daily»>Daily</span>
 <ul class=»submenu__list submenu__list–daily»>
 <li class=»submenu__item submenu__item–timed submenu__item–weekday hidden»>
 <a href=»/programs/morning-edition/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";morning edition";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/programs/morning-edition/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/morning-edition.jpg» loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 Morning Edition
 </a>
 </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item submenu__item–timed submenu__item–saturday hidden»>
 <a href=»/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";weekend edition saturday";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/02/26/we_otherentitiestemplatesat_sq-cbde87a2fa31b01047441e6f34d2769b0287bcd4-s100-c85.png» loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 Weekend Edition Saturday
 </a>
 </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item submenu__item–timed submenu__item–sunday hidden»>
 <a href=»/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";weekend edition sunday";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/02/26/we_otherentitiestemplatesun_sq-4a03b35e7e5adfa446aec374523a578d54dc9bf5-s100-c85.png» loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 Weekend Edition Sunday
 </a>
 </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»/programs/all-things-considered/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";all things considered";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/programs/all-things-considered/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/all-things-considered.png» loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 All Things Considered
 </a>
 </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»/podcasts/510318/up-first/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";up first";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/podcasts/510318/up-first/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/up-first.jpg?version=2″ loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 Up First
 </a>
 </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»/podcasts/510051/here-x26-now/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";here &; now";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/podcasts/510051/here-x26-now/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/09/27/here_-_now_tile_npr-network-01_sq-8dcc2dd0cb86f91d52467199ab6d8ca0c0283de2.jpg?s=100&;c=85&;f=jpeg» loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 Here &; Now
 </a>
 </li>
 <li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»/podcasts/510310/npr-politics-podcast/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr politics podcast";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/podcasts/510310/npr-politics-podcast/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/01/11/podcast-politics_2023_update1_sq-eaabdbd6adb312e163cb96909efd902cc2e9e004.jpg?s=100&;c=85&;f=jpeg» loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 NPR Politics Podcast
 </a>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <span class=»submenu__category submenu__category–featured»>Featured</span>

 <ul class=»submenu__list submenu__list–featured»><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";wait wait...don’t tell me!";,";clickType";:";news ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/programs\/wait-wait-dont-tell-me\/";}»>
 <img src=»https://legacy.npr.org/images/podcasts/2013/primary/wait_wait-s100-c100.jpg» data-original=»https://legacy.npr.org/images/podcasts/2013/primary/wait_wait-s100.jpg» class=» lazy» alt=»» loading=»lazy»/>
 Wait Wait...Don’t Tell Me!
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";fresh air";,";clickType";:";news ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/programs\/fresh-air\/";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2018/10/16/npr_freshair_podcasttile_sq-bb34139df91f7a48120ddce9865817ea11baaf32_sq-8c1302db035fb9cbc3492f2395a061f91a7941df-s100-c100.jpg» data-original=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2018/10/16/npr_freshair_podcasttile_sq-bb34139df91f7a48120ddce9865817ea11baaf32_sq-8c1302db035fb9cbc3492f2395a061f91a7941df-s100.jpg» class=» lazy» alt=»» loading=»lazy»/>
 Fresh Air
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510379/wild-card-with-rachel-martin» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";wild card with rachel martin";,";clickType";:";news ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/podcasts\/510379\/wild-card-with-rachel-martin";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/04/19/tile-wild-card-with-rachel-martin_sq-37e6eb53b1f2c79fea8083d26aa6c3f69b1139e4-s100-c100.jpg» data-original=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/04/19/tile-wild-card-with-rachel-martin_sq-37e6eb53b1f2c79fea8083d26aa6c3f69b1139e4-s100.jpg» class=» lazy» alt=»» loading=»lazy»/>
 Wild Card with Rachel Martin
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510317/its-been-a-minute» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";it’s been a minute";,";clickType";:";news ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/podcasts\/510317\/its-been-a-minute";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2023/02/27/ibam_tile-2023_sq-7803f41ed0370749ef50b8afb21b3d35f64d3870-s100-c100.jpg» data-original=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2023/02/27/ibam_tile-2023_sq-7803f41ed0370749ef50b8afb21b3d35f64d3870-s100.jpg» class=» lazy» alt=»» loading=»lazy»/>
 It’s Been a Minute
 </a>
</li><li class=»submenu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510289/planet-money» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";planet money";,";clickType";:";news ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/podcasts\/510289\/planet-money";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/10/24/pm_new_tile_2022_sq-e543deddd0a46a98be481b46e6a72efa6b52236f-s100-c100.jpg» data-original=»https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2022/10/24/pm_new_tile_2022_sq-e543deddd0a46a98be481b46e6a72efa6b52236f-s100.jpg» class=» lazy» alt=»» loading=»lazy»/>
 Planet Money
 </a>
</li></ul>

 <ul class=»submenu__list submenu__list–directories»>
 <li class=»submenu__item submenu__item–npr-plus»>
 <a href=»https://plus.npr.org/?utm_medium=nprweb&;source=globalsubnav» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr plus";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https://plus.npr.org/?utm_medium=nprweb&;source=globalsubnav";}»>
 <img src=»https://media.npr.org/chrome/nprplus/logo.jpg?s=100″ loading=»lazy» alt=»»/>
 Get NPR+
 </a>
 </li>

 <li class=»submenu__item»><a href=»/podcasts-and-shows/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";podcasts &; shows";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/podcasts-and-shows/";}»>More Podcasts &; Shows</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–search»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»/search/» id=»navigation_dropdown-search» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";search";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/search/";}»>Search</a>
 </div>
 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–newsletters»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»/newsletters/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";newsletters";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/newsletters/";}» target=»_blank»>Newsletters</a>
 </div>
 </li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–shop»>
 <div class=»menu__item-inner»>
 <a href=»https://shopnpr.org» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr shop";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https://shopnpr.org";}»>NPR Shop</a>
 </div>
 </li>
 <li id=»user-account-dropdown-mount-two» class=»menu__item menu__item–account»/>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section class=»menu menu–music» data-metrics-category-ga4=»recirculation»>
 <div class=»menu__list-wrap»>
 <ul class=»menu__list menu__list–ecosystem menu__list–music»>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–music-home»>
 <a href=»/music/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";npr music logo";,";clickType";:";global navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/music/";}»>
 <img src=»https://prod-eks-static-assets.npr.org/chrome_svg/music-logo-dark.svg» class=»music-logo» alt=»NPR Music»/>
 <img src=»https://prod-eks-static-assets.npr.org/chrome_svg/music-logo-light.svg» class=»music-logo-alt» alt=»NPR Music»/>
 </a>
 </li>

 <li class=»menu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/series/tiny-desk-concerts/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";tiny desk";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/series\/tiny-desk-concerts\/";}»>
 Tiny Desk
 </a>
</li><li class=»menu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/606254804/new-music-friday» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";new music friday";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/allsongs\/606254804\/new-music-friday";}»>
 New Music Friday
 </a>
</li><li class=»menu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/allsongs/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";all songs considered";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/allsongs\/";}»>
 All Songs Considered
 </a>
</li><li class=»menu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/music-features» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";music features";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/music-features";}»>
 Music Features
 </a>
</li><li class=»menu__item»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/series/770565791/npr-music-live-sessions» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";recirculation";,";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";live sessions";,";clickType";:";music ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/series\/770565791\/npr-music-live-sessions";}»>
 Live Sessions
 </a>
</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </section>
 <section class=»menu menu–about» data-metrics-category-ga4=»recirculation»>
 <div class=»menu__list-wrap»>
 <ul class=»menu__list menu__list–ecosystem menu__list–about»>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–about-home»><a href=»/about/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";about npr";,";clickType";:";about ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/about/";}»>About NPR</a></li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–about-diversity»><a href=»/diversity/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";diversity";,";clickType";:";about ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/diversity/";}»>Diversity</a></li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–about-support»><a href=»/support/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";support";,";clickType";:";about ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/support/";}»>Support</a></li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–about-careers»><a href=»/careers/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";careers";,";clickType";:";about ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/careers/";}»>Careers</a></li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–about-press»><a href=»/series/750003/press-room/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";press";,";clickType";:";about ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/series/750003/press-room/";}»>Press</a></li>
 <li class=»menu__item menu__item–about-ethics»><a href=»/ethics/» data-metrics-ga4=»{";action";:";global_navigation_click";,";clickName";:";ethics";,";clickType";:";about ecosystem navigation";,";clickUrl";:";/ethics/";}»>Ethics</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </section>
</nav>
</header><main aria-label=»main content»><div class=»speakable»>
 <b data-is-speakable=»»>Temple Israel rebuilds after terror attack</b> <b data-is-speakable=»»>Two months ago, a gunman drove through the preschool at Temple Israel, the largest synagogue in Michigan. Every child and teacher survived, but the community is still displaced and navigating the trauma of the attack. </b>
</div>
<div id=»wrapper»>
 <header class=»contentheader contentheader–one»/> <section id=»main-section»><article class=»story»><a id=»mainContent»/><div class=»slug-wrap»>

 <h3 class=»slug»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/sections/news/»>News</a>
 </h3>
</div>
<div class=»storytitle»>
 <h1>Temple Israel rebuilds after terror attack</h1>
 <input type=»hidden» id=»titlenx-s1-5810635″ value=»Temple Israel rebuilds after terror attack»/>
 <input type=»hidden» id=»shortTitlenx-s1-5810635″ value=»Temple Israel rebuilds after terror attack»/>
 <input type=»hidden» id=»modelFullUrlnx-s1-5810635″ value=»https://www.npr.org/2026/05/10/nx-s1-5810635/temple-israel-rebuilds-after-terror-attack»/>
</div>

<!– END CLASS=»STORYTITLE» –>
<div id=»story-meta» class=»story-meta has-byline»>
 <div class=»story-meta__one»>
 <div class=»story-meta__one-inner»>
 <div class=»dateblock»>
 <time datetime=»2026-05-10T08:12:10-04:00″>
 <span class=»date»>May 10, 2026</span><span class=»time»>8:12 AM ET</span>
 </time>
</div> <div class=»program-block»>
 Heard on <a href=»https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/2026/05/10/weekend-edition-sunday-for-may-10-2026″>Weekend Edition Sunday</a>
 </div>
 
<!– END CLASS=»PROGRAM-BLOCK» –>
 </div>
 
<!– END CLASS=»STORY-META__ONE-INNER» –>
 </div>
 
<!– END CLASS=»STORY-META__ONE» –>
 <div class=»story-meta__two»>
 <div id=»storybyline» class=»storybyline-wrap linkLocation»>
 <div class=»bucketwrap byline»>
 <div class=»byline-container–block»>
 <p class=»byline__name–block»>By </p> <div class=»byline byline–block byline–has-link» aria-label=»Byline»>
 <p class=»byline__name byline__name–block»>
 <a href=»https://www.npr.org/people/468259099/barbara-sprunt» rel=»author»>
 Barbara Sprunt
 </a>
 </p>
</div>
 </div>
 </div>
 
<!– END CLASS=»BUCKETWRAP BYLINE» –>
 </div>
 </div>
 
<!– END CLASS=»STORY-META__TWO» –>
</div>

<!– END ID=»STORY-META» CLASS=»STORY-META HAS-BYLINE» –>
<div id=»headlineaudio» class=»storylocation linkLocation»>
 <article id=»resnx-s1-5810635-1000″ class=»bucketwrap resaudio unavailable» aria-label=»audio-module»><div class=»audio-module»>
 <h4 class=»audio-module-title»>Temple Israel rebuilds after terror attack</h4>
 <div class=»audio-module-controls-wrap»>


 <div class=»audio-module-controls»>
 <b class=»audio-module-listen icn-play is-inactive»/>
 <b class=»audio-availability-message»>Audio will be available later today.</b>
 </div>
</div>

 
</div>
</article>
</div>
<div id=»storytext» class=»storytext storylocation linkLocation»>
 <p>Two months ago, a gunman drove through the preschool at Temple Israel, the largest synagogue in Michigan. Every child and teacher survived, but the community is still displaced and navigating the trauma of the attack. </p> <aside id=»ad-backstage-wrap» class=»ad-wrap backstage» aria-label=»advertisement»>
 <div class=»ad-header «><span>Sponsor Message</span></div>

 <div class=»ad-config-wrap»>
 <div id=»ad-backstage-News» class=»ad-config ad-backstage has-refresh-enabled» data-ad-config=»{";network";:";\/6735\/";,";zone";:";News";,";targets";:{";testserver";:";false";,";isPodcastEpisode";:";false";,";storyId";:";nx-s1-5810635";,";program";:";Weekend_Edition_Sunday";},";site";:{";desktop";:";n6735.NPR";,";mobile";:";n6735.NPRMOBILE";},";location";:";backstage";,";deferred";:false,";isBetweenContent";:false,";hasRefreshEnabled";:true,";isOutstreamVideoEnabled";:true}»>
 <div style=»min-height:90px»/>
 </div>
 </div>


 <div class=»ad-footer «/>
</aside>
</div>
<div class=»share-tools share-tools–secondary» aria-label=»Share tools»>
 <ul>
 <li class=»share-tools__service share-tools__service–facebook»><button class=»fbStorynx-s1-5810635″ data-share-facebook=»{";storyId";: ";nx-s1-5810635"; }» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";share";,";action";:";share";,";clickName";:";facebook";}»><b class=»share-tools__service-name»>Facebook</b></button></li>
 <li class=»share-tools__service share-tools__service–flipboard»><button class=»storynx-s1-5810635″ data-share-flipboard=»{";storyId";: ";nx-s1-5810635"; }» data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";share";,";action";:";share";,";clickName";:";flipboard";}»><b class=»share-tools__service-name»>Flipboard</b></button></li>
 <li class=»share-tools__service share-tools__service–email»><button class=»share-tools__email-link» data-story-id=»nx-s1-5810635″ data-metrics-ga4=»{";category";:";share";,";action";:";share";,";clickName";:";email";}»><b class=»share-tools__service-name»>Email</b></button></li>
 </ul>
</div>

<!– END CLASS=»SHARE-TOOLS SHARE-TOOLS–SECONDARY» ARIA-LABEL=»SHARE TOOLS» –>
<div id=»newsletter-acquisition-callout-data» data-newsletter=»{";newsletterId";:";news";,";title";:";Up First";,";marketingHeader";:";Sign Up For NPR’s Up First Newsletter";,";frequency";:";every day";,";shortDescription";:";The stories you need to start your day, hand-picked for you every weekday. Plus, the best of NPR every Sunday.";,";stickyDescription";:";Sign up for the NPR’s Up First newsletter for the latest headlines and unique stories from the NPR Network.";,";contentImage";:";https:\/\/npr.brightspotcdn.com\/e1\/16\/e7434747460f8691603795b6ff1c\/screen-shot-2025-08-20-at-1-47-26-pm.png";,";staticMarkupDir";:";\/buckets\/topics\/header1001.html";,";brandingDir";:";\/branding\/sections\/news\/";,";brandingLink";:";https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/news\/";,";recaptchaSiteKey";:";6LcdN9IZAAAAAOHT985BJjbzjkBjKSxdxK3GeKSt";}»>
 </div>

<!– END ID=»NEWSLETTER-ACQUISITION-CALLOUT-DATA» DATA-NEWSLETTER=»{";NEWSLETTERID";:";NEWS";,";TITLE";:";UP FIRST";,";MARKETINGHEADER";:";SIGN UP FOR NPR&#039;S UP FIRST NEWSLETTER";,";FREQUENCY";:";EVERY DAY";,";SHORTDESCRIPTION";:";THE STORIES YOU NEED TO START YOUR DAY, HAND-PICKED FOR YOU EVERY WEEKDAY. PLUS, THE BEST OF NPR EVERY SUNDAY.";,";STICKYDESCRIPTION";:";SIGN UP FOR THE NPR&#039;S UP FIRST NEWSLETTER FOR THE LATEST HEADLINES AND UNIQUE STORIES FROM THE NPR NETWORK.";,";CONTENTIMAGE";:";HTTPS:\/\/NPR.BRIGHTSPOTCDN.COM\/E1\/16\/E7434747460F8691603795B6FF1C\/SCREEN-SHOT-2025-08-20-AT-1-47-26-PM.PNG";,";STATICMARKUPDIR";:";\/BUCKETS\/TOPICS\/HEADER1001.HTML";,";BRANDINGDIR";:";\/BRANDING\/SECTIONS\/NEWS\/";,";BRANDINGLINK";:";HTTPS:\/\/WWW.NPR.ORG\/SECTIONS\/NEWS\/";,";RECAPTCHASITEKEY";:";6LCDN9IZAAAAAOHT985BJJBZJKBJKSXDXK3GEKST";}» –>
<div id=»callout-end-of-story-mount»>
 </div>

<!– END ID=»CALLOUT-END-OF-STORY-MOUNT» –>
<div id=»callout-end-of-story-mount-piano-wrap» class=»callout-end-of-story-mount-piano-wrap»>
 <div id=»callout-end-of-story-mount-piano» class=»callout-end-of-story-mount-piano»>
 </div>
 
<!– END ID=»CALLOUT-END-OF-STORY-MOUNT-PIANO» CLASS=»CALLOUT-END-OF-STORY-MOUNT-PIANO» –>
</div>

<!– END ID=»CALLOUT-END-OF-STORY-MOUNT-PIANO-WRAP» CLASS=»CALLOUT-END-OF-STORY-MOUNT-PIANO-WRAP» –>
<aside id=»end-of-story-recommendations-mount-piano» class=»recommended-stories recommended-stories–piano» aria-label=»recommended stories»/>
<!– END ID=»END-OF-STORY-RECOMMENDATIONS-MOUNT-PIANO» CLASS=»RECOMMENDED-STORIES RECOMMENDED-STORIES–PIANO» ARIA-LABEL=»RECOMMENDED STORIES» –>
<aside id=»end-of-story-recommendations-mount» class=»recommended-stories» aria-label=»recommended stories»/>
<!– END ID=»END-OF-STORY-RECOMMENDATIONS-MOUNT» CLASS=»RECOMMENDED-STORIES» ARIA-LABEL=»RECOMMENDED STORIES» –>
</article><footer id=»npr-footer» class=»npr-footer» role=»contentinfo» aria-label=»NPR footer»><div class=»npr-footer__content»>
 <div class=»npr-footer__module-group»>
 <div class=»npr-footer__module»>
 <h6 class=»npr-footer__header»>Read &; Listen</h6>

 <ul>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/»>Home</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/sections/news/»>News</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/sections/culture/»>Culture</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/music/»>Music</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/podcasts-and-shows»>Podcasts &; Shows</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>

 <div class=»npr-footer__module»>
 <h6 class=»npr-footer__header»>Connect</h6>

 <ul>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/newsletters/» target=»_blank»>Newsletters</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»https://www.facebook.com/NPR/»>Facebook</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»https://www.instagram.com/npr/»>Instagram</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/series/750003/press-room/»>Press</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/sections/publiceditor/»>Public Editor</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/corrections/»>Corrections</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/transcripts/»>Transcripts</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»https://help.npr.org/contact/s/»>Contact &; Help</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>

 <div class=»npr-footer__module»>
 <h6 class=»npr-footer__header»>About NPR</h6>

 <ul>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about/»>Overview</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/diversity/»>Diversity</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/network/» target=»_blank»>NPR Network</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about-npr/1136563345/accessibility»>Accessibility</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/ethics/»>Ethics</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about-npr/178660742/public-radio-finances»>Finances</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>

 <div class=»npr-footer__module»>
 <h6 class=»npr-footer__header»>Get Involved</h6>

 <ul>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/support/»>Support Public Radio</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about-npr/186948703/corporate-sponsorship»>Sponsor NPR</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/careers/»>NPR Careers</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»https://shopnpr.org/»>NPR Shop</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/sections/npr-extra/»>NPR Extra</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </div>

 <div class=»npr-footer__module npr-footer__module–secondary»>
 <ul>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about-npr/179876898/terms-of-use»>Terms of Use</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy»>Privacy</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»/about-npr/179878450/privacy-policy#yourchoices»>Your Privacy Choices</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><a href=»https://text.npr.org/»>Text Only</a></li>
 <li class=»npr-footer__item»><span class=»copy-year»/></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
</div>
</footer><div id=»global-stickybar-mount» class=»global-stickybar-mount»>
 </div>
<div id=»global-stickybar-mount-piano-wrap» class=»global-stickybar»>
 <div id=»global-stickybar-mount-piano» class=»global-stickybar-mount-piano»>
 </div>
</div>
</section> <div id=»main-sidebar»>
 <div id=»right-rail-content-widgets-mount»>
 </div>
 
<!– END ID=»RIGHT-RAIL-CONTENT-WIDGETS-MOUNT» –>
 <aside id=»ad-standard-wrap» class=»ad-wrap standard» aria-label=»advertisement»>
 <div class=»ad-header «><span>Sponsor Message</span></div>

 <div id=»ad-standard-News» class=»ad-config ad-standard has-refresh-enabled» data-ad-config=»{";network";:";\/6735\/";,";zone";:";News";,";targets";:{";testserver";:";false";,";isPodcastEpisode";:";false";,";storyId";:";nx-s1-5810635";,";program";:";Weekend_Edition_Sunday";},";site";:{";desktop";:";n6735.NPR";,";mobile";:";n6735.NPRMOBILE";},";location";:";standard";,";deferred";:false,";isBetweenContent";:false,";hasRefreshEnabled";:true,";isOutstreamVideoEnabled";:false}»>
 <div style=»min-height:90px»/>
 </div>

 <div class=»ad-footer»>
 <p class=»left»>Sponsor Message</p>
 <p class=»right»><a href=»/about-npr/186948703/corporate-sponsorship»>Become an NPR sponsor</a></p>
 <div class=»sentinel» style=»height:1px; width:100%; clear:both;» aria-hidden=»true» role=»presentation»/>
 </div>

 
</aside>
 </div>
 
<!– END ID=»MAIN-SIDEBAR» –>
</div>

<!– END ID=»WRAPPER» –>
<section id=»global-modal-mount»/>
<!– END ID=»GLOBAL-MODAL-MOUNT» –>
<section id=»npr-plus-get-access-modal-mount»/>
<!– END ID=»NPR-PLUS-GET-ACCESS-MODAL-MOUNT» –>

</main>
:fill(black)/2026/05/08/69fe00eadea66216469199.png "Los pequeños secretos de los creadores de sonido del cine")
